Softversko upravljanje rotacionim alatima mašina za obradu zemljišta

Rotation working tools of all systems for soil preparation are powered by mechanic and this is very undesirably for control of machines. If is mounted electro- or hydroengine as exsecutive board which move rotation working tools than there is possibility for control by suited steering system. This system consist a sensor and progamabil logic controler which has posibility to conect to CANbus or to steering automatically with machine. In this paper are shown idea for implementation steering of speed rotating of rotation working tools and specific softwear for realize those steering. Softwear consist a program based on ladder diagram.Rotacioni alati svih sistema za obradu zemljišta su pogonjeni mehaničkim putem što je veoma nepovoljno sa aspekta upravljanja. Ugradnjom elektro- ili hidrauličnih motora kao izvršnih organa koji pokreću rotirajuće radne elemente, stvara se mogućnost za upravljanje pomoću adekvatnog upravljačkog sistema. Ovaj sistem se sastoji od mernog elementa i progamabilnog logičnog kontrolera koji se može povezati na CANbus magistralu ili samostalno upravljati čitavim sistemom. U ovom radu predložena je ideja za ostvarivanje upravljanja brojem obrtaja rotirajućih elemenata i konkretan softver kojim se može ostvariti ovakvo upravljanje. Softver se sastoji od programa baziranog na leder dijagramu

Razvoj rešenja za softversko upravljanje brzinom setvenih ploča sejalica

Seed elements of wide row seeding machine are powered by wheel of seeding machine and mechanical gearbox. This has impact on mass of seeding machine and possibility of more precision regulation. In this paper is show possibility of use contact switch for activation machine, proximity switch for measurement velocity of seed machine and electromotor for power of seed plates. It is analyzed possibility adjustment by suitable programmable logic controller. In this paper are shown general directives for installing of necessary components for realization invited algorithm of adjustment.Setveni aparati sejalice za okopavinu pogonjeni su od točka sejalice preko mehaničkih prenosnika, što se odražava na masu sejalice, cenu i način regulisanja. U radu su analizirane mogućnosti korišćenja kontaktnog prekidača za indikaciju radnog režima, induktivnog davača blizine (proximity switch) za merenje brzine sejalice i elektromotora za pogon setvenih ploča. Razmatran je merni sistem i mogućnost generisanja upravljanja pomoću programabilnog logičkog kontrolera. U ovom radu su date opšte preporuke za montažu navedenih hardverskih komponenti potrebnih za realizovanje navedenog algoritma upravljanja

PaxDb 5.0: Curated Protein Quantification Data Suggests Adaptive Proteome Changes in Yeasts

The "Protein Abundances Across Organisms" database (PaxDb) is an integrative metaresource dedicated to protein abundance levels, in tissue-specific or whole-organism proteomes. PaxDb focuses on computing best-estimate abundances for proteins in normal/healthy contexts and expresses abundance values for each protein in "parts per million" in relation to all other protein molecules in the cell. The uniform data reprocessing, quality scoring, and integrated orthology relations have made PaxDb one of the preferred tools for comparisons between individual datasets, tissues, or organisms. In describing the latest version 5.0 of PaxDb, we particularly emphasize the data integration from various types of raw data and how we expanded the number of organisms and tissue groups as well as the proteome coverage. The current collection of PaxDb includes 831 original datasets from 170 species, including 22 Archaea, 81 Bacteria, and 67 Eukaryota. Apart from detailing the data update, we also present a comparative analysis of the human proteome subset of PaxDb against the two most widely used human proteome data resources: Human Protein Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression. Lastly, through our protein abundance data, we reveal an evolutionary trend in the usage of sulfur-containing amino acids in the proteomes of Fungi

Optimizacija parametara tehničkih rešenja za mašinsko branje koštičavog i jagodičastog voća

Mechanical harvest of fruit, primarly stone and berry fruit is desired task toward posibbility defect of product which is in contact with limbs, part of machines as well as when fruit fall on the ground. In this paper is shown technology-tehnical solution for harvest of sherries, plums and raspberry. It is analysed specifics in harvest and shown results tweak products in oscilation stalk of fruit. It is shown technology – technical solution for mechanical harvest of raspberry.Mašinko branje voća, prvenstveno koštićavog i jagodičastog voća pretstavlja zahtevan zadatak zbog mogućeg oštećenja plodova pri kontaktu plodova sa granama, delovima mašine (uredjaja), kao i pri padu na podlogu. U radu su prikazana tehnološlko tehnička rešenja za branje višanja, šliva i malina. Analizirane su specifičnosti pri branju i dati prikazi i rezultati otkidanja plodova pri oscilovanju nosečih struktura plodova. Prikazana su i razmatrana tehnološko tehnička rešenja pri mašinskom branju malina

Matematička interpretacija parametara vibracionog dodavača voća po modelu masa-opruga-prigušivač

Dozators are subject to oscillations, so that it may be modeling as springmass- damper systems. In this paper are shown extended analysis of mathematical models and various possibilities according to the degree of damping are discussed. System time response is shown also. Application of this paper can be found in projecting and design of vibrating dozators as well all systems for processing fruit which consist dozators, especially in the area of energy efficiency. Results of research may be applied for whole hydraulic or pneumatic system, or for particular parts of the system.Vibracioni dodavači podležu oscilovanju i mogu se modelirati kao sistem masa-opruga-prigušivač. U ovom radu prikazana je detaljna analiza matematičkog modela i razmatrane razne mogućnosti u zavisnosti od stepena prigušenja. Prikazan je i vremenski odziv sistema. Primena ovog rada je u procesima projektovanja vibracionih dodavača kao i linija za preradu voća koje sadrže ove dodavače, naročito sa aspekta energetske efikasnosti. Rezultati istraživanja se mogu primeniti za ceo hidraulični i/ili pneumatski sistem, ili za izdvojeni deo sistema

HERBICIDE PHOSPHINOTHRICIN CAUSES DIRECT STIMULATION HORMESIS

Herbicide phosphinothricin (PPT) inhibits glutamine synthetase (GS), a key enzyme in nitrogen assimilation, thus causing ammonia accumulation, glutamine depletion and eventually plant death. However, the growth response of Lotus corniculatus L. plants immersed in solutions with a broad range of PPT concentrations is biphasic, with pronounced stimulating effect on biomass production at concentrations ≤ 50 μM and growth inhibition at higher concentrations. The growth stimulation at low PPT concentrations is a result of activation of chloroplastic isoform GS2, while the growth suppression is caused by inhibition of both cytosolic GS1 and GS2 at higher PPT concentrations. Since the results are obtained in cell-free system (e.g. protein extracts), to which the principles of homeostasis are not applicable, this PPT effect is an unambiguous example of direct stimulation hormesis. A detailed molecular mechanism of concentration-dependent interaction of both PPT and a related GS inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine, with GS holoen- zymes is proposed. The mechanism is in concurrence with all experimental and literature data

Version 4.0 of PaxDb: Protein abundance data, integrated across model organisms, tissues, and cell-lines

Protein quantification at proteome-wide scale is an important aim, enabling insights into fundamental cellular biology and serving to constrain experiments and theoretical models. While proteome-wide quantification is not yet fully routine, many datasets approaching proteome-wide coverage are becoming available through biophysical and MS techniques. Data of this type can be accessed via a variety of sources, including publication supplements and online data repositories. However, access to the data is still fragmentary, and comparisons across experiments and organisms are not straightforward. Here, we describe recent updates to our database resource "PaxDb" (Protein Abundances Across Organisms). PaxDb focuses on protein abundance information at proteome-wide scope, irrespective of the underlying measurement technique. Quantification data is reprocessed, unified, and quality-scored, and then integrated to build a meta-resource. PaxDb also allows evolutionary comparisons through precomputed gene orthology relations. Recently, we have expanded the scope of the database to include cell-line samples, and more systematically scan the literature for suitable datasets. We report that a significant fraction of published experiments cannot readily be accessed and/or parsed for quantitative information, requiring additional steps and efforts. The current update brings PaxDb to 414 datasets in 53 organisms, with (semi-) quantitative abundance information covering more than 300,000 proteins

STRING v9.1: protein-protein interaction networks, with increased coverage and integration

Complete knowledge of all direct and indirect interactions between proteins in a given cell would represent an important milestone towards a comprehensive description of cellular mechanisms and functions. Although this goal is still elusive, considerable progress has been made—particularly for certain model organisms and functional systems. Currently, protein interactions and associations are annotated at various levels of detail in online resources, ranging from raw data repositories to highly formalized pathway databases. For many applications, a global view of all the available interaction data is desirable, including lower-quality data and/or computational predictions. The STRING database (http://string-db.org/) aims to provide such a global perspective for as many organisms as feasible. Known and predicted associations are scored and integrated, resulting in comprehensive protein networks covering >1100 organisms. Here, we describe the update to version 9.1 of STRING, introducing several improvements: (i) we extend the automated mining of scientific texts for interaction information, to now also include full-text articles; (ii) we entirely re-designed the algorithm for transferring interactions from one model organism to the other; and (iii) we provide users with statistical information on any functional enrichment observed in their network

STRING 8—a global view on proteins and their functional interactions in 630 organisms

Functional partnerships between proteins are at the core of complex cellular phenotypes, and the networks formed by interacting proteins provide researchers with crucial scaffolds for modeling, data reduction and annotation. STRING is a database and web resource dedicated to protein-protein interactions, including both physical and functional interactions. It weights and integrates information from numerous sources, including experimental repositories, computational prediction methods and public text collections, thus acting as a meta-database that maps all interaction evidence onto a common set of genomes and proteins. The most important new developments in STRING 8 over previous releases include a URL-based programming interface, which can be used to query STRING from other resources, improved interaction prediction via genomic neighborhood in prokaryotes, and the inclusion of protein structures. Version 8.0 of STRING covers about 2.5 million proteins from 630 organisms, providing the most comprehensive view on protein-protein interactions currently available. STRING can be reached at http://string-db.or

The STRING database in 2011: functional interaction networks of proteins, globally integrated and scored

An essential prerequisite for any systems-level understanding of cellular functions is to correctly uncover and annotate all functional interactions among proteins in the cell. Toward this goal, remarkable progress has been made in recent years, both in terms of experimental measurements and computational prediction techniques. However, public efforts to collect and present protein interaction information have struggled to keep up with the pace of interaction discovery, partly because protein-protein interaction information can be error-prone and require considerable effort to annotate. Here, we present an update on the online database resource Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING); it provides uniquely comprehensive coverage and ease of access to both experimental as well as predicted interaction information. Interactions in STRING are provided with a confidence score, and accessory information such as protein domains and 3D structures is made available, all within a stable and consistent identifier space. New features in STRING include an interactive network viewer that can cluster networks on demand, updated on-screen previews of structural information including homology models, extensive data updates and strongly improved connectivity and integration with third-party resources. Version 9.0 of STRING covers more than 1100 completely sequenced organisms; the resource can be reached at http://string-db.or